BIM vs CAD: Understanding the Difference Between CAD and BIM

BIM and CAD are well-known terms among all architecture students and professionals. The emergence of computer-aided design in the 1980s revolutionised architecture. CAD greatly reduced the burden of hand drafting and helped architects see computerised versions of their designs. However, the industry has been slower to adopt BIM or Building Information Modelling, despite it offering entire processes to automate workflow and save valuable time. 

In this article, we will delve into the intricacies and confront the question head-on. CAD vs BIM - how do they compare? We will discuss the uses and relevance of both to students and professional architects.

CAD vs BIM- Overview 

CAD 

CAD, or Computer-Aided Design, was first introduced in the late 1950s by Dr. Patrick Hanratty. He is often known as the “Father of CAD” and was responsible for creating PRONTO, a software that marked the beginning of CAD. CAD allowed architects to create computerised versions of their designs, a major shift from the manually drawn pen-and-paper designs they were used to.
As further developments were made in the field of CAD over the next few decades, AutoCAD was released in 1982. It was the first commercially available software for drafting purposes and it produced 2D-based drawings of structures.

BIM

The concept of BIM has been in place since the 1970s. The development of ArchiCAD, one of the most popular BIM software began in 1982 and it was made by Gábor Bojár. A major difference to consider in a CAD vs BIM discussion: while CAD refers to software that uses digital aid to render designs, BIM is far from just software. It is a process.

Using cloud technology, BIM allows for all stakeholders in the building to stay on track with the development of the project. Designers, consultants, trade contractors, clients and all others related to construction, maintenance and operations can access the floorplans of the building and gain direction on the next steps. BIM makes the process of communication much more seamless, cutting down on needless back and forth between stakeholders that would ordinarily take months. Many firms all over the world have switched completely to BIM, as it supports all aspects of cost management, construction management and project management.

CAD vs BIM- Uses and Efficiency

CAD 

• As mentioned before, CAD-based software allows for better analysis and execution of a building structure.
• Prior to the emergence of CAD, drafting was a procedure done by hand. Calculations for design were done manually by engineers, architects and technicians. This was a time-consuming process, and CAD greatly shortened it. All calculations of space were done by the software itself, saving a lot of time and energy.
• It increased the geometric accuracy of designs because of the number of verification and validation tools the software came with, including basic simulation, clash analysis, visualisation and documentation.
• CAD also allowed architects to visualise their structures more efficiently making their structures less prone to oversights due to human error.
• Traditionally, CAD was used for 2D design, but many designers and architects use CAD for 3D design as well now.
• However, the 3D variation of CAD is a cumbersome process for the designer, and therefore many architects now prefer to switch to BIM-based software such as Revit.

 

BIM

• BIM modelling is capable of all of the functions of CAD-based software, but it goes several steps further.
• As a cloud-based process that allows for virtual collaboration among teams, BIM is far from just a valuable set of software. The architects, engineers, client, the construction manager and all related parties can access the entire lifecycle of the building’s construction process.
• BIM allows for the creation of 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D and 8D versions. These dimensions allow for variables such as sustainability (6D), time (7D) and risk detection (8D).
• Furthermore, BIM also adjusts the parametric change of an aspect in relation to other aspects. For instance, if a designer decides to insert a window in the design of the house, they are not required to update each individual aspect of the building to accommodate the window. In CAD, on the other hand, it is necessary to update every individual aspect of the design to have a holistic view of the changes in the building.
• With CAD, designers focus on drawing, as the design will have to be revisited at a later stage anyway for further generation. In BIM, the process of further generation is automated, and this saves time.

CAD vs BIM - Software Analysis

CAD has been around for a long time and it can be difficult to classify, as nearly any system that utilises digital aid to model plans can technically be CAD (Computer-Aided-Design). Therefore, a comparison such as CAD vs BIM is only truly valuable if you compare the software they use in order to understand the difference. Over the years, BIM has added a lot to its belt. Here is a list of well-known BIM and CAD software to give you a well rounded idea of the differences between them.

AutoCAD vs ArchiCAD

AutoCAD has a steep learning curve which would require more time to master. Virtual collaboration is not possible in AutoCAD as there are no cloud features and the process is individual-oriented.

ArchiCAD, meanwhile, is a BIM-based software, and it has a smaller learning curve for beginners. This makes it far more efficient to use and access. ArchiCAD also comes with collaborative features that allow multiple designers to work on a design simultaneously.

Both software allow for 2D and 3D drafting and modelling, but ArchiCAD has a free subscription for students, while AutoCAD requires a subscription-based license.

SketchUp vs Revit 

Revit is a BIM-based software. While both Revit and SketchUp develop 3D-based models, Revit goes a step further. Rather than just a 3D representation, Revit can also draw up a building with all its HVAC, plumbing and electrical information, which automatically informs the Construction Manager on the materials to purchase and use. Revit can also simulate the stresses of a building, to ensure that it can hold up to real-world conditions.

SketchUp, meanwhile, is far more easy and intuitive to pick up in comparison to Revit, but it does not provide as much. Over the years, SketchUp has introduced several plugin extensions to combat this, but the process of installation is certainly a lot more laboursome than Revit.

Revit is not free, while SketchUp does have a free version. However, Revit can be accessed by students for free for a year via Autodesk. In recent years, Revit has emerged as the favoured choice for AEC professionals.

Conclusion

So, CAD vs BIM. Which process is more efficient? There are a few features to keep in mind.

• By now it must be clear to you that a large percentage of errors and inconveniences in CAD occur between the interface of converting 2D models into 3D models.
  
• Not everyone has the requisite knowledge to operate 3D models in CAD. Moreover, CAD is not efficient in the mapping of a project lifecycle and distributing relevant information is a manual, difficult and time-consuming task.
  
• There is always a missing component between the information between parties, leading to compounded errors and technical problems, according to Jason Ray, CEO and founder of Paperless Parts. Comparatively, BIM fares better, as it is a process and a methodology.
  
• In addition to being a collaborative meeting point for all stakeholders, BIM also allows for better resource tracking, more sustainable buildings and transparent communication.
  
• The learning curve in CAD is broadly easier than BIM, which makes it more accessible to students. CAD is also usually priced lesser.
  

Also, a major advantage BIM has is that it is rapidly gaining recognition in the AEC industry. It is already mandated in several countries across the world. Trained BIM professionals are usually paid 40 per cent more than the industry average.

Upskilling in BIM is the only way to access these perks. To get more information and training in BIM, along with the most in-demand AEC skills, head over to Novatr’s BIM Professional Course for Architects V2.0.

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